Tentang Kepemimpinan dan Pilkada 2018...

Di tengah maraknya kepala daerah yang tersangkut kasus korupsi, seperti yang disampaikan oleh Mendagri, Tjahjo dalam acara konferensi pemberantasan korupsi di hotel bidakara, Jakarta, senin (11/12) yang dimuat di jawa pos Senin, 12 Desember 2017. Dalam rentang 2014-2017 sudah terdapat 392 kepala daerah yang tersangkut hukum, dengan kasus korupsi sebesar sebanyak 313 kasus. Dengan sektor rawan korupsi antara lain penyusunan anggaran, pajak dan retribusi daerah, pengadaan barang dan jasa, hibah dan bansos, perjalanan dinas, serta sektor perizinan, dimana dampak dari korupsi tersebut adalah melambatnya pembangunan daerah. Sedangkan sepanjang 2018 ini saja, januari hingga pertengahan februari, menurut Kabiro Humas KPK, Febri Diansyah (14/2) yang dimuat di koran republika, 14 Februari 2018 sudah ada enam orang kepala daerah yang menjadi tersangka kasus korupsi. Tercermin dari kasus di atas, tentu kita sebagai warga masyarakat kini menyadari betapa pentingnya hak pilih yang kita miliki dalam menentukan nasib kota ini ke depan, karena sekali salah pilih, konsekuensi yang dirasakan akan berdampak pada berbagai aktivitas ekonomi, sosial, kesejahteraan dan seluruh aspek dimana roda pemerintahan tidak lepas dari kehidupan sehari-hari.

Sebagai masyarakat yang kian kritis seiring dengan akses informasi yang dewasa ini semakin mudah, kita perlu lebih cermat lagi dalam menggunakan hak pilih pada bulan Juli nanti agar tidak terjebak dalam pembangunan yang mandek karena kepala daerah yang kurang kompeten. Rekam jejak dan yang tidak kalah penting, pandangan calon kepala daerah terhadap isu isu tertentu, harus kita cermati sebagai arah dari analisis dan kemampuan memetakan permasalahan dari calon kepala daerah tersebut. Selain mampu memaparkan alternatif solusi yang menunjukkan nilai nilai yang dianut, dan bagaimana calon kepala daerah tersebut harus mampu membuat proyeksi mau dibawa kemana kota ini selama lima tahun ke depan yang tercermin dalam visi dan misi yang diusungnya.

Memilih pemimpin yang tepat, akan mampu membawa kota ini menghasilkan kebijakan publik yang tepat, efektif, juga diharapkan mampu menghadirkan solusi-solusi dari permasalahan sosial yang timbul di masyarakat, bukan malah menimbulkan masalah-masalah baru, mampu merumuskan indikator-indikator yang ingin dicapai, terlebih mampu membangun dukungan dan legitimasi publik yaitu mampu melibatkan berbagai pihak dan mewakili kepentingan dari tiap elemen masyakarat, mampu melakukan lobi, negosiasi, dan koalisi dengan berbagai kelompok-kelompok masyarakat agar tercapai konsensus.

Pada dasarnya, terdapat lima karakter kepemimpinan yang unggul (Riant Nurgoho, 2017: 292,293). Karakter ini dapat kita cermati dari tindak tanduk dan aktivitas yang dilakukan oleh calon kepala daerah selama masa kampanye. Yang pertama adalah karakter, yaitu pemimpin merupakan produk terunggul di lingkungannya, yang menurut Rosabeth Moss-Kanter memiliki Triple C- atau concept, yaitu kemampuan membuat konsep akan masa depan, competence atau kompetensi, dan connectedness, yaitu kekuatan jaringan yang dimiliki. Dimana gagasan ini juga dikemukakan oleh Profesor Gunawan Sumodiningrat (2001) sebagai KKN, atau konsep, kompetensi dan networking, bukan korupsi, kolusi dan nepotisme. Kedua adalah kredibilitas, dimana Steven M. Bornstein dan Anthony F. Sands (1995) menyebutkan 5 inti Kredibilitas (5C) yaitu conviction, character,courage, composure, competence. Conviction adalah keyakinan dan komitmen. Character adalah integritas, kejujuran, respek, dan kepercayaan yang konsisten. Courage adalah keberanian, kemauan untuk bertanggung jawab atas keyakinannya. Bahkan mengubah diri jika perlu. Composure adalah ketenangan batin, suatu kemampuan untuk memberikan reaksi dan emosi yang tepat dan konsisten, khususnya dalam menghadapi masalah kritis. Competence adalah keahlian, keterampilan, dan profesionalitas. Ketiga, nilai. Tugas kepemimpinannya adalah memberikan nilai bagi organisasi yang dipimpinnya, yaitu pemerintah, swasta dan masyarakat. Dimana kepala daerah harus mampu memetakan visi nya ke depan, dan menjabarkan misi misi yang mampu dikerjakan secara operasional oleh pemerintah bersama private sector/swasta dan masyarakat, serta tidak bertentangan dengan nilai nilai yang dianut sehingga mampu melibatkan partisipasi seluruh elemen untuk dapat mencapai tujuan demi kepentingan bersama. Keempat, keteladanan. Yaitu seorang pemimpin, seperti ungkapan Ki Hajar Dewantara yaitu ing ngarso sung tuladha, ing madya mangun karso, dan tut wuri handayani. Di depan memberi contoh, di tengah memberi inspirasi, dan di belakang mendorong. Dimana muaranya adalah keteladanan, yang merupakan simbol kedewasaan, karena memerlukan toleransi, kerendahan hati dan kesabaran. Kelima, harapan. Pemimpin harus mampu memantik harapan dan semangat masyarakat, untuk menjawab tantangan tantangan berat yang akan dihadapi di depan, sehingga tidak berputus asa, alih alih mampu terus kreatif dan berinovasi untuk mengubah tantangan menjadi kesempatan serta berani menjawab perubahan perubahan yang akan dihadapi di depan.

Karena, sejauh mana suatu kota dapat berkembang, sangatlah tergantung pada kepemimpinan dan kualitas kebijakan publik yang dihasilkannya melalui kerjasama yang baik antara pemimpin, pemerintah, private sector/swasta dan masyarakat. Dan kualitas kepemimpinan dan kebijakan publik yang dihasilkan itu, adalah cerminan dari masyarakat kota itu sendiri. Selamat mengumpulkan informasi, menganalisis, menentukan pilihan dan merayakan demokrasi, warga kota!

tentang kebijakan publik, dan hal hal lainnya

Sebelum beranjak pada pemikiran pemikiran tentang kebijakan publik, tentulah kita harus mendengar terlebih dahulu, kira kira bagaimana pendapat para ahli, tentang makna kebijakan publik itu sendiri.

Harold Laswell dan Abraham Kaplan (1970,71) mendefinisikannya sebagai suatu program yang diproyeksikan dengan tujuan-tujuan tertentu, nilai-nilai tertentu dan praktek-praktek tertentu.

David Easton (1965,212) : akibat dari aktivitas pemerintah.
Kebijakan publik adalah pengalokasian nilai-nilai secara sah.paksa kepada seluruh masyarakat.  Adapun kebijakan sebagaimana yang dirumuskan Easton (dalam Thoha 2002: 62-62) merupakan alokasi nilai yang otoritatif oleh seluruh masyarakat.  Akan tetapi, hanya pemerintah saja yang berbuat secara otoritatif untuk seluruh masyarakat, dan semuanya yang dipilih oleh pemerintah untuk dikerjakan atau tidak dikerjakan adalah hasil-hasil dari nilai-nilai tersebut.

James Anderson (2011,6) : a relative stable, purposive course of action followed by an actor or set of actors in dealing with a problem or matter of concern.

Kraft and Furlong (2004:4) : a course of government action (or in action) taken in response to social problems.  Social problems are contidions the public widely perceives to be unacceptable and therefore requiring intervention.

James Lester dan Robert Steward (2000,18) mendefinisikannya sebagai a proccess or a series or pattern of governmental activities or decisions that are design to remedy some public problem, either real or imagined.

Steven A. Petterson (2003,103)  Government action to address some problem.

B.G. Peters (1993, 4) the sum of government activities, whether acting directly or through agents, as it has an influence on the lives of citizens.

Carl L. Friedrick (1963,79), serangkaian tindakan yang diusulkan seseorang, kelompok atau pemerintah dalam suatu lingkungan tertentu, dengan ancaman dan peluang yang ada, di mana kebijakan yang diusulkan tersebut ditujukan untuk memanfaatkan potensi sekaligus mengatasi hambatan yang ada dalam rangka mencapai tujuan tertentu.

William Jenkins (Jenkins, 1978)  a set of interrelated decisions taken by a political actor or group of actors concerning the selection of goals and the means of achieving them within a specified situations where those decisions should, in principle, be within the power of those actors to achieve.  public policy is a goal oriented behaviour on the part of government. Public policies are decissions taken by government which difine a goal and set out means to achieve it.
"adalah serangkaian keputusan yang saling terkait yang diambil oleh aktor politik atau kelompok aktor yang memperhatikan beberapa tujuan dan bermaksud untuk mencapainya dengan beberapa situasi tertentu dimana keputusan tersebut seharusnya, secara prinsip, sesuai dengan kekuatan dari para aktor yang ingin mencapainya.  Kebijakan publik adalah perilaku yang berorientasi kepada tujuan sebagai bagian dari pemerintah.  Kebijakan publik adalah keputusan yang diambil oleh pemerintah yang menentukan tujuan dan menetapkan cara untuk mencapainya"

Michael Howlett dan M. Ramesh (1995,7) : a complex phenomenon consisting of numerous decisions made by numerous individual and organizations.  It is often shaped by earlier policies and is frequently linked closely with other seemingly unrelated decisions. 
Fenomena yang kompleks yang terdiri dari beberapa keputusan yang dibuat dari beberapa invidu dan organisasi.  Keputusan tersebut juga dipertajam dengan kebijakan terdahulu dan sering berhubungan erat dengan hal hal yang lain yang terkait dengan kebijakan yang tidak terkait.

Thomas R. Dye (2011,1) mendefinisikannya sebagai segala sesuatu yang dikerjakan pemerintah, mengapa mereka melakukan, dan hasil yang membuat sebuah kehidupan bersama tampil berbeda.

www.cdc.gov Public policy is a set of action guidelines or rules that results from the actions or lack of actions of governmental entities.

lib.ucr.edu Public policy related to the social or legislative ramifications of government policies.  The corollary glossary term, 'political aspecs' is customarily applied to the process of arriving at those policies.

Clarke E. Cochran, et al the term of public policy always refers to the actions of government and the intentions that determine those actions.  Public policy is the outcome of the struggle in government over who gets what.  pada karya yang lain juga menyebutkan,  public policy consist of political decisions for implementing programs to achieve societal goals.

Birkland ... The elements common to all definitions of public policy are as follows: 1. The policy made is made in the name of public, 2. Policy is generally made or initiated by government, 3.  Policy is interpreted and implemented by public and private actors, 4.  Policy is what the governments intend to do, 5.  Policy is what the government chooses not to do.

Stella Theodoulou, The Essential Readings (2005) the public policy process is esentially the movement from the emergence of a problem, to it being placed on to the policy agenda, and finally, to its enactment and reflection on its effectiveness.

Riant Nugroho, Public Policy, hal 206, 207: 2017. Public policy adalah 'any of state or government (as the holder of authority) decision to manage public life (as the sphere) in order to reach the mission of the nation (remember, the nation is consist of two institutions: state and society).

atau juga, setiap keputusan yang dibuat oleh negara, sebagai strategi untuk merealisasikan tujuan dari negara.  Strategi untuk mengantar masyarakat pada masa awal, memasuki pada masa transisi, untuk menuju kepada masyarakat yang dicita-citakan. 

Jadi, apa sih kebijakan publik itu? 

kalau boleh mengambil pemahaman dari definisi para ahli di atas, menurut saya, kebijakan publik adalah sebuah strategi, sebuah alat, yang digunakan oleh pemerintah, yang idealnya memecahkan masalah masalah yang muncul di masyarakat, untuk memberikan sebuah solusi yang dapat mencapai tujuan negara, yaitu kesejahteraan. 

Adapun dalam proses pengambilan kebijakan publik tersebut, tidak dapat terlepas dari elemen elemen penentu, seperti pengambil keputusan, yang umumnya merupakan kepala daerah, maupun DPRD, sehingga tidak bisa lepas dari motivasi-motivasi pengambil keputusan tersebut, yang idealnya berpihak pada kepentingan masyarakat banyak dan mampu mengakomodir tujuan bersama yang lebih luas. 

Kebijakan publik ini juga merupakan sebuah proses, atau siklus, yang terus berubah seiring dengan fenomena fenomena sosial yang muncul di masyarakat, sehingga sungguh penting pula memperhatikan siklusnya (Suaib, 2016. Hal. xx, xxi) yaitu identifikasi masalah dan kebutuhan, analisis masalah dan kebutuhan, penginformasian rencana kebijakan, perumusan tujuan kebijakan, pemilihan model kebijakan, penentuan indikator sosial, dan membangun dukungan dan legitimasi publik.  Untuk melihat kebijakan publik ini berhasil, maka di dalam tiap langkah-langkah di atas harusnya dapat berjalan dengan benar dan berhasil agar mendapatkan hasil yang dicita-citakan.

Sebagai sesuatu yang lebih besar...

Kebijakan publik, merupakan refleksi dari masalah yang muncul di masyarakat sebagai gambaran yang lebih besar dari gambaran kondisi masyarakat itu sendiri.  Pemecahan masalah, yang tertuang dalam kebijakan publik itu sendiri adalah merupakan gambaran, mau dibawa kemana negeri ini.

Kebijakan yang muncul dari nilai nilai dan hal hal yang dirasa perlu diatur, akan merefleksikan bagaimanakah cara bangsa ini menghadapi potensi masalah ke depan.  Apakah kebijakan publik tersebut sudah mampu melenyapkan masalah dengan tuntas, mengendapkan dan menguraikannya, atau bahkan memicu masalah masalah yang lebih kompleks, hingga jalan menuju tujuan negara, dan masyarakat yang sejahtera itu cukup menjadi angan angan yang semakin jauh.  Atau malah membuat bangsa ini berjalan mundur dari kemajuan kemajuan yang telah dilakukannya selama ini karena kebijakan publik yang diformulasikan malah menyerang balik kemajuan kemajuan itu sendiri. 

Maka terkadang, kebijakan publik bagi saya adalah sesuatu yang lebih personal (pada masing masing  pemimpin, atau pengambil keputusan), more government's oriented, lebih subjektif, tentang siapa yang akan merasakan dampaknya? siapa yang akan diuntungkan? atau siapa yang akan terkekang aturan atau malah terjebloskan ke penjara? tujuan elemen mana yang akan lebih bersinggungan? pihak mana yang akan merasakan perubahannya?

Bandung, 15 Februari 2018

Phase By Phase

 

with my notulen and friend

 during the trial

Yesterday i was going through one of an important moment from my academic phase, the trial of my script.  As a pessimist, of course i prepared my self to kind of manslaughter, means that i know i have so many mistake that i even dont know what it is. We will never complete all of the standard of every human being, but sometimes we can negotiate, and at trial, its not about the negotiation (like getting a signature of accordance). Anything can happen in trial, any deficiency could be your gate of humiliation and etc. But its okay, its worth enough. Because it will be your way to open another phase of your life. Life would be up and down. Its okay to going through all of that, at least the day still running, after your happiness there comes sadness, after your sadness maybe there would be a contentment. Then a beautiful lyrics from Coldplay just got into my head, If you never try, you never know...

Better System For Better Government?

picture from here

In this digital era, the progress of technology  is very fast, and everyone who can't follow, could left behind and can't compete at this competitive era. So, government whom ask to serve civilians better, must adapt the   newest technology, even try some innovative idea for more effective and efficient systems.  The chance that innovative or technology could fail then inflict financial loss for the government? Well, at least the government could evaluate and keep up the procedure and theory, then make it based by civilian's needs.  Because government is wanted by people who needs their answer about these people's problem.  Then every problem, must fastly take-over and the gov's must have the better solution that can give win-win solutions.

e-Procurement comes as the answer for the 70-80% corruption case at government's goods and services contracts.  That mostly the corruptor manipulate the calculation, give bribe to win the tender.  Ironic, when you can't trust people anymore, then Indonesia adapt technology from United States.  The technology can minimization the frequent of connection between people and people, then make it to people-machine-people.  This method, for now is the better system than before.  Because the trust issue: "You can trust machine, you can trust software, but never people".

So, can we find who to blame? The people who create the system to eliminate the connection between people to people, people who can't trust other or the human that understand their own emotions, whom easily distract and tempt for money, better offer with minimum risk? 

New Perspective at New Horizon

For a month, since 3 March 2013 until 2 April 2013. I stay at Sungai Pangkalan Satu Village, Bengkayang Regency, Kalimantan Barat Province.  I will do some programs which designed by my team for a little of dedication to village.  We have programs that have a target to improve the administrations, socials, infrastructures and spirituals at the village.  Even Sungai Pangkalan Satu's village already won the best village at the regional  competition but i hope our contribution there would make some inspiration for the people to keep going better.  

I really like the village's life.  Simple and calm. The people are amazing, they are really open, especially the village's chief.  He could give us opportunity to blend with all the people in there. At first i dont have any idea what to do.  But with all the idea that continue and the spirit to work and give something to this village.  I hope finally we can make some proper programs that can help local people. 

Sometimes i wonder if i can buy a house at a village, then take a few months to take vacation and live simply there.  Just to enjoy the circumstances there, to clear my head.  Especially a nice house at the shoreside. :)

The Office

 Our 'Home'

 Us

 The Locals

Politic's Misconception?

Managements is an art, said Mary Parker Follet.  Then, what should we do with politics? In this complicated era that makes us more in conflicted zone with the governments, political parties, non-governmental organizations, etc then sometimes we could make a rush conclusion or question, is our system runs in chaos? We can turn on our television and see chaos everywhere, corrupted bureaucrats, corrupted leaders, corrupted firms even corrupted civils. You can see all in the news.  Then, what’s the missing points of all this?

As an ordinary student in a 7th semester in Social and Politics Science I should be worried.  Too many things to worry, even such in my environment.  There is no certain future, nor certain theory to save alive going through this field object.  Not as science or another hematics that have an absolute pattern or theory to apply.  This field, has nothing substanstial but chaos (hypothetichally, of course).   Even I hope we will make some movement that closely to progress with what we have now, like potential leaders and experts.

A little example can come from our environment, if we have different leader, we will have different people that would be judge not because of their achievement or work, but how far they known each other and have emotional relationship.  There is no standard with that, people choose based by their intuition (maybe?) or their personal knowledge about this person’s information.  Only if they want to dig deeper, maybe they will find that wrong.  Then, to much tolerance to each other then no passion at work (?).  I think many people not really doing what they want to do.  Not many people feel ambitious about what they do and sometimes what I see in the government is the people who start boring about their job so they can’t serve as well.  People gets wrong motivation, then gets no proper reward about what they do.  

I don’t know if I have a (right or proper) capability to have my own judgement.  With my ordinary eye’s perspective, I just see there is so many holes in this system so people can make it flexible as their own excuse, or sometimes people just not see what I see, do they ?.

If we don't believe in freedom of expression for people we despise, we don't believe in it at all. 

Noam Chomsky 

“Loyalty to country ALWAYS. Loyalty to government, when it deserves it.” 

― Mark Twain

Who Watch The Watcher

So recently this hierarchy system may build so good foundation, so reasonable and strong structure.  But what if this system corrupted by incapability person that makes very immoral act.  The harshness that violate people's right.  The unfounded reason that build up to destroy the pure purpose then substituting the act just to feed their ego.  At 'this system' the domination and the power that had by 'the watcher' just violate person's right by broke people's property with the reason to educate.   

Educate? What is the purpose to educate? What is the basic standard of morality, of behaviour? If mostly people judging something, is it really right? What if their conclusion and judgement is basically wrong? who's the protector of the weak and minor people? 

Education basicly from wiki is the general sense of form of learning in which knowledge, skills and habits of a group of people are transferred from one generation to the next through teaching, training, research or simply through autodidactism.  When it comes to experience then we can stand by just one situation, isn't it? So what if this educational purpose go off the track because of the pesonality is have a psychological's problem? 

I dont know, maybe in this (un)fair world, there is so many unfair things too.  Afterall, everything will comes back to ourself, which way we choose to respond? How we can make it fair with the version of ourself? How far and what consequence we can through to make the justice?

From my perspective, some problems and unjustice will neglect if we don't know the better solution or the smart way to protect ourself or we dont have authority to change.  But people will remember, violate will make scars to people's heart and they can take their own conclusion how to react.  To make the lesson learned and stay away from problem's we can't control then just focus to our bigger purpose.  To make a better change.  Can we?

Pull the string, and it will follow wherever you wish. Push it, and it will go nowhere at all.

-Dwight D. Eisenhower

The Chaos System

In this unperfect lifes, chaos systems, awkward moments and coincidences we stands.  Sometimes we dont have capacity to do action, even our mind make a better solution, or sometimes we speak unspeakable word about what's right or not right.  Sometimes we just grumble, and feeling sad about how bad the situation could go.  We losing our trust to government, then we losing our trust to people.  After that, we losing hope that make us more ignore about what happening around.  Because we know the situation couldn't be better and not right based by our judgement.  Mostly i feel the similar ways about this world behind my eyes that makes me pessimist about where i will go in this chaos system.  When my brain and my mind speaks critically inside, i know i losing my capability to trust the universe.  I know i losing hope when i can't do anything about the wrong policy, wrong people who lead, wrong situation that just felt not right.  Sometimes i feel i can't do anything and my action can't change anything and make any impact to anyone.  

The chaos system, comes from the behaviour of dynamical systems that are highly sensitive to initial conditions.  Small differences in initial conditions yield widely diverging outsomes for such dynamical systems, rendering long term prediction impossible in general, well said from wikipedia.org.  That definitions comes from mathematics' diciplines study but also can we applied to this amateur philosophy thought.  How we can jump from this static situation, and because of small differences, the determinant could trigger the ripple effect to the biggest scale.  What we predict now, this second, this moment, what we thought about something now, could be so different after this second passed, things changed, little cells of our micro body moved.  Then we comes to the conclusion: nothing going constant in this chaos, noone survive forever, then if the conclusion is everything have the same possiblty to change, little things can make things going differently, that means we also have our time to grow, to move, to feel the new things, to see this world with another perspective, to not being constantly boring or constantly wrong or constantly not right, because nothing constant, isn't it?

Then we still have a chance to do our best to wait for opportunity, to wait the 'not constant' chaos to disturbed because of unknow and unidentify things then make another chaos.  Our chaos.

I will do my best while i'm waiting, don't you?

“A bird doesn't sing because it has an answer, it sings because it has a song.” 
― Maya Angelou

The Kinship System

Case of Balai’s Subdistrict : The Kinship System

                “The system that based by kinship, will not bring anywhere but nepotism,” that is the common issues that i ever heard about the kinship’s system.   But when i feel the circumstances there the common issues that i looked just by my guess is not really right.  Not just nepotism, we can't deny all the wrong path and people who use that for the bad purpose, just see it clearly have some benefits too, about having and build a deep partnertship that having a good purpose, for better service to others.

                The kinship system is one way for us to look who’s the best, with seeing regular activities of person we choose, thats why they determine their village chief with electing.  They are the really person who knew each other.  Push away the manipulation behind it, they would calm and give their right to choose people they want, the participation there increased well.  I think it may be different at the town, when people’s being busy with their plans and close their doors tightly. They’d distrusful to each other, because you don’t know who is your friend or your enemies. 

Then with kinship system, that in my opinion just works at village’s range, means all of the policy that  we had, that’s based by a meeting with all of the element there, there must be the bureaucrat, the policy-maker, civil society, whose could be there to speak up and tell you the truth and the fact they found at the reality. 

                At my ‘PPK’ or Practice for Work’s Experience, i meet some people, whose really care about their environment, even i meet people who have a politic’s things too behind their back, i meet people in simplicity, i found them live without all the luxury facilities but they still get drunk, put some ciggarette or laughing with friends, for them, life is simple like its looks:they just think about what will they eat today, or what will they harvest from their field.  They make it simply.  Maybe i just be an outsider that no have any right to judge what they feel just with look at their face.  But they so look nice and sincere.  I feel acceptable anywhere, especially origins than newcomers.