Buku Buku Bulan Juli #2

Manajemen Strategi - Sedarmayanti
SWOT Balances Scorecard - Freddy Rangkuti
Medan Kreativitas: Memahami Dunia Gagasan - Yasraf Amir Piliang

"Kita menghasilkan sesuatu yang baru
hanya dalam kondisi kita mengulang-ulang"

-Giles Deleuze

Buku Buku Bulan Juli

Dunia Yang Berlari : Dromologi, Implosi, Fantasmagoria - Yasraf Amir Piliang
Revolusi Industri Keempat - Klaus Schwab
Thought Vibration - William Atkinson
Misa Arwah - Dea Anugrah

Akhir-akhir ini rasanya terlalu banyak membaca ebook berbahasa inggris, selesai membaca, rasanya sedikit tidak puas karena rasa-rasanya yang tersisa hanya ingatan-ingatan di kepala, yang mungkin besok sudah lupa, di lemari buku digital, selesai membaca juga langsung lenyap-dihapus karena tidak sabar ingin mendownload yang lain lain dan mengosongkan memori.  Membaca buku secepat menjentikkan jari, membaca dengan skimming- melintas kata-kata dengan terburu-buru dan ingin cepat sampai ke inti yang dimau.  Membaca buku secara fisik, terlepas keterbatasan topik topik yang ingin didalami rasanya ada suatu checking point berisi buku buku yang menumpuk dan sedikit rasa tidak bersalah karena sudah membaca beberapa hal mengisi waktu.  

Salah satu buku yang menarik yang sedang dibaca adalah Dunia Yang Berlari, awalnya aku heran mengapa buku yang seperti novel ini terletak di deretan buku buku sos-pol-filsafat, setelah melihat satu buku yang tidak tertutup plastik aku sedikit terpukau dengan bahasa-bahasanya, buku yang awalnya berjudul Dunia Yang Berlari : Mencari Tuhan Digital ini nyeleneh sekali. hha.  Futuristik, menggambarkan keadaan dunia, menjelaskan beberapa istilah-istilah asing di telinga tapi menarik untuk dibaca.  Baudrillard, Derrida, adalah tokoh dengan ide-ide yang menarik untukku, karena pemikirannya tentang memaknai kehidupan-filsafat, yang memberikan arti yang berbeda dari pemaknaan realitas. 'Bahasa Filsafat' dan istilah-istilahnya memang berat, mereka seperti punya alam imajinasi sendiri untuk menerjemahkan kegelisahan-kegelisahan dengan tingkat kedalaman tertentu ,dengan metafora-istilah istilah mereka sendiri, hiper-realitas, dekonstruksi, kehampaan filosofis, dromologi, postmodernisme, semuanya merupakan konsep-konsep pemaknaan ulang atas kejadiaan hari-hari yang sebenarnya biasa saja, yang ternyata ketika disentuh kedalamannya, memiliki arti yang mungkin benar, atau sama sekali berbeda dari yang kita pahami.  Mungkin memang, kehidupan seperti bawang yang memiliki layer-layer ke dalam- yang ketika kita mengupasnya, bentuknya tetap sama tapi juga berbeda, meskipun ketika kita selesai mengupasi semuanya, jangan jangan yang tersisa hanya kekosongan- sebuah lorong kehampaan yang panjang tapi tetap pula tidak memiliki apa-apa.

"...keseluruhan hidup kita berlalu dalam wahana perjalanan hidup yang dipacu cepat, yang kita sendiri tak lagi menyadarinya..."

-Paul Virilio : The Aecthetics of Disappearance

November Reading List #2

11:11 - Fiersa Besari

Lelaki Harimau - Eka Kurniawan

Mereka Sibuk Menghitung Langkah Ayam - Rusdi Mathari

Menuju Merdeka 100% - Tan Malaka

Crazy Little Heaven - Mark Heyward

Madilog - Tan Malaka

Karena Cinta Kuat Seperti Maut - Adimas Imanuel

The Book Of Almost - Brian Khrisna

Kebijakan Multilateral dan Pembangunan Ekonomi Indonesia - Parjiana, dkk

Crushing It! - Gary Vaynerchuk #bookreview

Title : Crushing It! 

How Great Entrepreneurs Build Their Business and Influence- And How You Can, Too.

Author : Gary Vaynerchuck 

Publisher : Harper Collings Publisher Inc, New York

Year : 2018

Genre : Self Development, Entrepreneurs

Sometimes, dying in the routine or caught up yourself doing nothing matter is really frustrating, when you find yourself have no idea what you are gonna do next, how you want something, but dont have enough motivation to do it.  Because we are doing the everyday-life and just keep it without thinking anything.  And this is just the book you need.

At first, i know Gary from the instagram that people just talk about how great he are, then i open his instagram, watching his youtube and listen to his podcast.  Damn, yesss he is that good. lol.

The interesting point of his view, i think is about how he is telling the truth, about our circumstances now and not complaining about it, how he changes the perspective that tell you - you are consumed by the social media- things.  Cause YES! people are consumed by the social media now, when most motivators/articles said you should close the social media and be there in the present, he said NO. Just make a great content, create your truly self and persona out there so people can know more about you.  When most of the article said that you should separate yourself from the professional things and the personal things, he said, NO. These days, is the era of mostly people are in the social media, you cant hide yourself out there, there is no way people can be untouchable of their personal self.  Its just will make it harder.  And people can know if the persona you put in the social media is a faker or not- it will have no use if you just lying about who you are, looking so professional just for the idea about you want to be someone else, even when its not.  When some people said it will be great to focus and do one thing a moment, he said just DO BOTH all you passionate about.When you really like it, and want to do it, you will make time for everything you want of.  

Then in this book he mostly tell us about the effectiveness of social media, about how we under-appreciated the idea of - FREE platform (especially when the media sometimes tell us that we give too much data to that platform, he said that, its okay if people use your data, they just can give you ad, but its your FAULT if you eat the shit they give, lol), that we can use it too, make the benefit by put the great content or use the add to raising awareness about what we want to sell.  Hustling long enough so you can know about your craft, be the BEST person at the market, be unique so you can be the one people looking for the spesific-unique-things.  And be patience to just not expect for one big miracle to happen, keep the hustle, have a strategy, do many things you like and be good about it.

Beside the great book that have a good and briliant idea, Gary also have a routine/daily content he share for free! Thats exactly i need for my daily-basis-motivation for keep my self on fire to hustling and doing my things.  Well, its one of the mindset-changing book/content i read this year.  I hope i will practice and absorb it immediately and gonna keep me faster on the track for my next goals and dream! love it!

#recommendedbook

Bandung, 4 October 2018

A Poem With Your Name #bookreview

Judul Buku : A Poem With Your Name 

Penulis : Adi K.

Penerbit : PT Elex Media Komputindo 

Terbitan : First Edition, July 2018 

Tebal :192 Halaman

Komentar pertama untuk buku ini adalah: instagramable! hehe. Akhir-akhir ini, saya senang membeli buku puisi, selain karena saat ini sebagian besar buku lainnya yang saya beli adalah buku-buku terkait kuliah, buku puisi tidak membutuhkan waktu lama untuk diikuti, bisa dicomot kapan saja dari tumpukan buku dan langsung dibaca dengan kalimat-kalimat yang pendek dan mudah dicerna.  Terlebih untuk di'cekrek' kemudian di post ke instagram stories ketika lagi tidak ada kerjaan. Hahaha.  Buku ini punya semuanya! :) Plus, ukurannya kecil bisa dibawa ke cafe, sambil ngopi tanpa harus bawa tas yang besar. Untuk buku dengan puisi yang berisi bahasa inggris semua, buku ini mudah dipahami, awalnya saya hanya baca-baca sekilas saja, tapi semakin membuka halaman-halaman buku ini, kok rasanya, aduh, related- banget dengan kehidupan sehari-hari. Nuansa puisinya, saya kira, (atau sepemahaman saya) menggambarkan hari-hari seseorang yang ditinggalkan kekasihnya, dan melewatinya dengan sendu, kadang juga senang, sambil kadang-kadang terkenang akan kekasih yang meninggalkannya itu (sok tau) yah kira kira sehati bangetlah sama saya hahhaa.  Kadang dalam membaca buku, saya ada ngerasa ada yang ngerasa gak sreg gitu, tapi disini semua pusinya terjalin dengan baik, ditambah ilustrasi kecil-kecilnya yang imut dan ngegemesin. Pokoknya lucu deh, saya suka! 

*recommended <3 (in my opinion, its kinda feel like lang leav,but even better! )

The ABCs of Political Economy: A Modern Approach - Robin Hahnel #BookHighlight

As the new subject of my semester, i really looking forward to understand some more things about the political economic's thing, as the main idea of this subject: how political's view could influence the policy in the economy, about how using the power and politics to get what government's and public sector wants for the economic growth?

Tittle : The ABCs of Political Economy : A Modern Approach 

Author : Robin Hahnel

Publisher : Pluto Press, 2002 -revised and extended edition, 2014, London

Pages : 349

Economics and Liberating Theory 

Political economist have always tried to situate the study of economics within the broader project of understanding. 'The liberating theory' attempts to transcend historical materialism that incorporates insights from feminism, anti-colonial, anti-racist movements, and anarchism, as well as from mainstream psychology, sociology and evolutionary biology.  

Throughout history people have create social institutions to help meet their most urgent needs and desires-feudalism, capitalism, centrally planned socialism. What is common to all human societies is the elaboration of social relationship for the joint indentification and pursuit of individual need fulfillment. The human capacity to act purposefully implies the need to exercise that capacity-to be concious: understand and situate themselves in their surroundings. 

The economy is not only sphere of social activity, in addition to creating economic institutions to organize our efforts to meet material needs and desires, people have organized community institutions for addresing our cultural and spiritual needs, intricate 'sex-gender' or 'kinship' systems for satisfying our sexual needs and discharging our parental functions, and elaborate political systems for mediating social conflicts and enforcing social decisions. So in addition to the economic sphere we have what we call a community sphere, a kinship sphere, and a political sphere as well. A monist paradigm presumes that one of the spheres always dominant in every society.

What should we demand from our economy?

A pareto optimal outcome is one where it is impossible to make anyone better off without making someone else worse off.  The usual way around  this problem is to broaden the notion of efficiency from Pareto improvements to changes where the benefits to some outweigh the costs to others.  This broader notion of efficiency is called the efficiency criterion and serves as the basis for cost-benefit analysis.  Simply put, the efficiency criterion says if the overall benefits to any and all people of doing something outweigh the overall costs to any and all people of doing it, it is 'efficient' to do it.  Whereas, if the overall costs to any and all the people outweigh the overall benefits to any and all people of doing something it is 'inefficient; to do it. 

Seven deadly sins of inefficiency: (fails to achieve a Pareto optimal outcome): 

1. It leaves productive resources idle.  

2. It uses inefficient technologies, that is, uses more of some input than necessary to get a given amount of output.  

3. It misallocates productive resources so that swapping inputs between two different production units would lead to increases in output in both. 

The consumption sector will be inefficient if there are undistributed or idle consumption goods, final goods are misdistributed so that two consumers could exchange goods and both be better off than under the original distribution.  And the production and consumption sectors will be inefficiency integrated with one another if : 1) Goods are misallocated between consumers and producers so its possible for them to swap goods and have the output of the producer rise and the satisfaction of the consumer increase as well, 2) Resources are misallocated to different industries so its possible to shift productive resources from one industry to another to produce a different mixture of outputs more to consumer's tastes.

There is two simple corn models presented here to make corn:
Labor intensive technique: 6 days of labor + 0 units of seed corn yields 1 unit of corn
Capital intensive technique : 1 day of labor + 1 unit of seed corn yields 2 units of corn
In this simple situation economy is more efficient the lower average number of days of work per unit of net corn produced. So we can measure the efficiency of the economy by the average number of days worked per unit of net corn produced. Efficiency also means minimizing the ratio of pain to gain, reduced to total number of days worked, or total days worked divided by total net corn production.

Political economist distinguish between outcome (does one person work more or less than another) and decision making process (who decides how the work will be done). In the simple corn model if I decide how I will go about my work, we say my work is self-managed, if someone else decides how I will go about my work, we say my labor is other-directed or alienated.

A market is a social institution in which participants can exchange a good or service with one another on terms they find mutually agreeable.  It is part of the institutional boundary of society located in the economic sphere of social life.  If a good is exchanged in a 'free' market, anyone can play the role of seller by agreeing to provide the good for a particular amount of money.  

Adam Smith noticed something strange but wonderful about free markets.  He saw competitive markets as a kind of beneficent, 'invisible hand' that guided 'the private interests and passions of men' in the direction 'which is most agreeable to the interest of the whole society'.

As quoted in 'The Wealth of Nations, 1776'.

"Every individual necessarily labours to render the annual revenue of the society as great as he can.  He generally, indeed, neither intends to promote the public interest, nor knows how much he is promoting it.  He intends to only his own gain, and he is in this, as in many other cases, led by an invisible hand to promote an end which was no part of his intention.  Nor is it always the worse for the society that it was no part of it.  By pursuing his own interest he frequently promotes that of the society more effectually than when he really intends to promote it from their self-interest.  We address ourselves, not their humanity, but to their self-love, and never talk to them of our necessities, but of their advantages.  

Adam Smith's law of the market are basically simple, the show us the drive of individual self-interest is an environment of similarly motivated individuals will result in competition; and they further demonstrate how competition will result in the provision of those goods that society wants, in the quantities that society desires. 

The failure of markets even with Pareto-optimal results and income distribution was thought to be fair, the market would still fail if it supported an undemocratic structure of power (greed, opportunism, politacl passivity, and indifference toward others), the central idea is that our evaluation of markets and with the market failure concepts, must be expanded to include the effects of markets on both the structure of power and the proccess of human development. (Samuel Bowles, Jully 1991).

Markets and hierarchical decision making economize on the use of valuable but scarce human traits like 'feelings of solidarity with others, the ability to emphatize, the capacity for complex communication and collective decision making.  But more importantly, we must consider about the trust and participation across all.  Because markets bribe us with the lure of luxury beyond what others can have and beyond what we know we deserve.  Markets reward those who are the most efficient taking advantage of their fellow, and penalize those who insist, illogically, on pursuing the golden rule- do unto others as you would have them do unto you.  "Its really survival of the fittest here.  If you have a cutthroat heart, you can make it, if you are a good person, i dont think you can".

Bandung, 14 August 2018

Development As Freedom #bookhighligt

Title : Development As Freedom

Author : Amartya Sen

Year : 1999

Publisher : Alfred A. Knopf, Inc

Distributed by : Random House, Inc., New York

Development as freddom, argued as a process of expanding the real freedoms that people enjoy, contrasts with narrower view, such as identifying development with the growth of gross national product, or with the rise in personal incomes, industrialization, technological advance, or social modernization. Even its matters, its also depend on other determinants, such as social and economic arrangements, as well as political and civil rights. Freedom is also the central to the process of development for two distinct reasons: 1) The evaluative reason; assessment of progress has to be done primarily in terms of whatever the freedoms that people have are enhanced. 2) The effectiveness reason: Achievement of development is thoroughly dependent on the free agency of people. 

A question from Maitreyee from Sanskrit text Brihadaranyaka Upanishad that asked “How far would wealth go to help them get what they want?”. Turn out, the issue is not the ability to love forever, but the capability to live really long (without being cut off in one’s prime) and to have a good life while alive (rather than a life of misery and unfreedom)-things that would be strongly valued and desired. The gap between an exclusive concentration on economic wealth and a broader focus on the lives we can lead is a major issue in conceptualizing development. 

Noted by Aristotle “wealth is evidently not the good we are seeking; for it is merely useful and for the sake of something else”. It is as important to recognize the crucial role of wealth in determining living conditions and the quality of life as it is to understand the qualified and contingent nature of this relationship. 

It should be clear from the preceding discussion that the view of freedom tha is being taken here involves both the processes that allow freedom of actions and decisions, and the actual opportunities that people have, given their personal and social circumstances.

Having greater freedom to do things one has reason to value is significant in itself for the person’s overall freedom and important in fostering the people’s opportunity to have valuable outcomes. Greater freedom enhances the ability of people to help themselves and also to influence the world, and these matters are central to the process of development. The concern here relates to what we may call the ‘agency aspect’ of the individual. (agency-acting on someone else’s behalf, principal).

The real conflict is actually between : 1) The basic value that people must be allowed to decide freely what traditions they wish or not wish to follow, and 2) The insistence that established traditions be followed, or alternatively, people must obey the decisions by religious or secular authorities who enforce traditions-real or imagined.

Bandung, 31 Juli 2018

Handbook Analisis Kebijakan Publik : Teori, Politik dan Metode. #BookHighlight

Diterjemahkan dari karya Frank Fischer, Gerald J. Miller, Mara S. Sidney

Handbook of Public Policy Analysis: Theory, Politics and Methods.

Penerjemah : Imam Baihaqie

Penerbit: Nusa Media, Bandung, 2015 

Halaman 1-148 (7 Bab) dari 904 Halaman

Ilmu Kebijakan di Persimpangan Jalan

Ilmu kebijakan berada di persimpangan karena terlepas dari metode penyelidikan yang canggih, analisis kebijakan tetap jauh dari pusat-pusat kekuasaan di mana keputusan kebijakan dibuat, nilai-nilai kekuatan analisis dan logika berjalan menurut kebutuhan politik. Dalam perkembangannya, ilmu kebijakan dibentuk sebagai problem-oriented, menangani isu-isu dan mengajukan rekomendasi sekaligus secara terbuka menolak studi fenomena (Lasswell, 1956) pendekatan kebijakan juga dianggap belum mengembangkan dasar teoritis yang menyeluruh. Ilmu kebijakan juga multi disiplin dalam pendekatan intelektual dan praktisnya. Pendekatan ilmu kebijakan juga sengaja normative atau berorientasi nilai, menyangkut etos demokrasi dan martabat manusia karena pemahaman bahwa tidak ada masalah sosial/pendekatan metodogis yang bebas nilai. Perkembangan ilmu kebijakan ini menurut deLeon (1988) juga terkait akan masalah politik tertentu yaitu Perang Dunia Kedua, Perang Terhadap Kemiskinan (1960), Perang Vietnam, Skandal Watergate (1972) dan Krisis Energi (1970-an).

            Tantangan ke depan, juga berdasar dari ketegangan dialektis antara pengetahuan dan politik, sehingga ketegangan tersebut akan memiliki potensi untuk berkembang, mengubah bentuknya, serta tidak memiliki pola yang pasti karena perubahan peristiwa-peristiwa politik dan tantangan intelektual, sehingga tidak akan mendapatkan keberhasilan murni atau bahkan pengetahuan yang luas, sehingga dapat sampai pada tataran: memahami bagaimana dan mengapa dunia telah berubah.  Sehingga yang perlu dipegang adalah konseptual dan metodologis yang tepat untuk memahami kebutuhan kontemporer dan menawarkan kebijaksanaan dan rekomendasi yang tepat untuk berkembangnya ilmu kebijakan.

Promosi Orientasi Kebijakan: Laswell dalam Konteks

Prinsip kunci penyelidikan yaitu kita harus, sebagai bagian dari penelitian kita, membuka diri kita pada diri kira sendiri (Atkins dan Lasswell, 1924,7). Pemikiran refleksif ke dalam diri dan konteks mempunyai kedudukan utama dalam orientasi kebijakan Lasswell. Lasswell juga mengambil teknik psikoanalisis, fantasi bebas yang diperlukan untuk mengatasi penipuan diri, bahwa logika tidak hanya memadai bagi penyelidikan rasional, tapi ia sendiri adalah kendala, oleh karena itu kendala logika harus dilepaskan untuk mendapatkan pemahaman batin tentang apa yang jelas, pikiran juga adalah istrumen yang cocok untuk melakukan uji realitas, dan mengasah dua pisau antara pisau logika dan pisau fantasi bebas. 

Menurut Lasswell, seorang intelektual harus mempelajari syarat-syarat bertahan hidup dalam arena kekuasaan, yaitu ketika mereka terjebak dalam jaring kepentingan, sehingga harus mengembangkan identitas professional yang akan menawarkan proteksi kelembagaan terhadap irasionalitas yang ditimbulkan oleh kekuasaan politik, juga pentingnya mengembangkan komunitas peneliti. Bahwa kita tidak lagi mempunyai kisah tentang orientasi kebijakan professional tunggal yang terletak pada lembaga lembaga mapan sekaligus secara pradoks bekerja untuk secara kritis mencerahkan diri mereka sendiri dan masyarakat.  Sebaliknya, kita mempunyai kisah tentang pluralitas orientasi kebijakan yang tidak hanya didasarkan pada lembaga-lembaga yang telah mapan tapi juga publik masyarakat sipil.

Kebijakan Publik, Ilmu Sosial dan Negara: Sebuah Perspektif Sejarah

            Penelitian sosial juga berkembang kepada gagasan bahwa pengetahuan yang baik mempunyai hubungan yang harmonis dengan kegunaannya.  Sehingga pemanfaatan pengetahuan adalah salah satu bidang yang berkembang dan gerakan refleksif dari banyak ilmu sosial menjadi sumber dalam pengalaman ini.  Neoliberalisme sebagai ideologi ekonomi umum bahkan menghidupkan kembali ideologi ekonomi umum dan doktrin pengaturan diri-sosial dimana tidak ada tempat atau kebutuhan akan bukti empiris yang rinci tentang situasi sosial. Bahwa pemahaman neoliberalisme antara negara dan ekonomi dalam hubungan yang ekonomis, dengan pemahaman postmodernis mengenai masyarakat dan kebudayaan, bahwa ilmu sosial menjadi kerangka dasar untuk memikirkan hubungan antara pasar dan hierarki, memungkinkan pluralitas, keragaman dan kompleksitas. Dan memiliki keterbatasan untuk mengendalikan situasi sosial-politik karena manusia bertindak dengan cara yang tidak dapat diketahui. Model proses kebijakan, menurut Lasswell (1956) memiliki tujuh tahap yaitu kecerdasan, promosi, rumusan, penerapan, penghentian dan penilaian.

            Pembuatan kebijakan mengandaikan pengenalah masalah kebijakan, yaitu mensyaratkan masalah sosial telah didefinisikan dan perlunya intervensi negara telah dinyatakan dan masalah telah dimasukkan dalam agenda untuk pertimbangan serius aksi publik. Bertemunya sejumlah faktor dan variabel yang saling berkaitan menentukan apakah isu kebijakan menjadi topik utama dalam agenda kebijakan.  Faktor-faktor ini mencakup kondisi material lingkungan kebijakan (seperti tingkat perkembangan ekonomi), dan aliran siklus gagasan dan ideologi, yang penting dalam mengevaluasi kebijakan dan menghubungkannya dengan solusi (usulan kebijakan).  Dalam konteks itu, lingkaran kepentingan antara aktor-aktor yang terkait, kapasitas lembaga yang bertanggung jawab untuk bertindak secara efektif, dan siklus persepsi masalah publik serta solusi yang terkait dengan berbagai masalah adalah sangat penting.  Selanjutnya, untuk proses ideal implementasi kebijakan, mencakup unsur-unsur spesifikasi rincian program, alokasi sumber daya dan keputusan.  Tahap evaluasi, kemudian menjadi penting untuk menilai suatu kebijakan menurut tujuan dan dampak yang diinginkan dalam membentuk titik awal serta berfokus pada hasil yang diharapkan dan konsekuensi yang tidak diinginkan dari kebijakan.

            Kerangka siklus kebijakan tidak hanya menawarkan tolak ukur bagi evaluasi kegagalan atau keberhasilan, tetapi juga menawarkan perspektif untuk menilai kualitas demokratis proses ini.  Pertanyaan penelitian juga adalah salah satu yang paling penting untuk kemudian berlanjut menjadi apakah dan mengapa kebijakan menyimpang dari desain awal, dan aktor mana yang paling penting dalam mendefinisikan masalah kebijakan atau secara resmi mengadopsi kebijakan tertentu.

           

Penetapan Agenda dalam Kebijakan Publik

Menurut Schattscheineder, 1960, definisi alternatif adalah alat paling ampuh dari kekuasaan, bahwa definisi isu, masalah, dan solusi alternatif sangat penting karena menentukan isu, masalah dan solusi mana yang akan mendapatkan perhatian dari masyarakat dan pengambil keputusan, yang akan mendapatkan perhatian yang lebih luas.  Semua bentuk organisasi politik mempunyai bias dalam mendukung ekploitasi jenis konflik dan menekankan jenis lain karena organisasi adalah mobilisasi bias.  Beberapa isu disusun ke dalam politik, sementara yang lain dikeluarkan. 

Ada beberapa cara di mana kelompok dapat menjalankan strategi untuk mendapatkan perhatian pada isu, sehingga mendapatkan isu pada agenda.  Cara pertama bagi kelompok kepentingan yang kurang diuntungkan untuk mempengaruhi pembuatan kebijakan berkaitan dengan metaphor arus perubahan agenda dimana ‘jendela kesempatan’ untuk perubahan terbuka ketika dua arus atau lebih (arus politik, masalah atau kebijakan) digabungkan.  Kedua, perubahan dalam persepsi kita terhadap masalah juga akan mempengaruhi terbukanya ‘jendela kesempatan’ bagi perubahan kebijakan. Juga pentingnya membuat koalisi advokasi, yaitu koalisi dari kelompok tertentu yang bersatu berdasarkan beberapa keyakinan bersama tentang isu atau masalah tertentu dimana hal ini akan bekerja untuk mengalahkan kekuatan kepentingan dominan, juga menghasilkan perhatian yang lebih besar dari pembuat kebijakan dan akses yang lebih besar pada proses pembuatan kebijakan, sehingga membentuk kekuatan tandingan melawan elit yang lebih kuat.

Perumusan Kebijakan: Desain dan Alat

Perumusan kebijakan mencakup identifikasi dan/atau penyusunan seperangkat alternatif kebijakan untuk mengatasi masalah dan mempersempit kumpulan solusi tersebut untuk dipersiapkan dalam keputusan kebijakan final.  Mengambil pertanyaan; apa rencana untuk mengatasi masalah?, apa tujuan dan prioritasnya? Apa pilihan yang tersedia untuk mencapai tujuan tersebut, apa kelebihan dan kekurangan dari setiap pilihan?apa faktor luar, positif atau negatif, yang terkait dengan setiap alternatif? (Cochran dan Malone, 1996).

Analisis konteks tertentu juga dapat menghasilkan prediksi yang luar tentang desain kebijakan yang akan muncul darinya.  Tetapi karena desain mempunyai begitu banyak ‘working parts’ (tujuan, definisi masalah, kelompok sasaran, alat, agen dan lain-lain) membuat hal tersebut menjadi sulit dilakukan, juga diperumit oleh dimensi manusia pembuatan kebijakan.

Implementasi Kebijakan Publik

Studi implementasi terbagi menjadi tiga generasi penelitian implentasi (Goggin dkk, 1990),yang pertama yaitu meningkatkan kesadaran akan isu dalam komunitas ilmiah yang lebih luas dan masyarakat umum, yang kedua yaitu pengajuan berbagai macam kerangka teori dan hipotesis, juga pemahaman akan pelaksanaan secara hierarkis tujuan kebijakan yang didefinisikan oleh pusat. Yang ketiga yaitu implementasi yang menjembatani kesenjangan antara pendekatan atas-bawah dan bawah-atas (hierarkis) dengan menggabungkan wawasan pemikiran dari kedua kubu menjadi model teoritis mereka.  Sementara itu Goodin dan Klingemann, 1996 memiliki tiga kelemahan, yaitu kurangnya kumulasi, yaitu bentrok antara pemikiran atas-bawah dan bawah-atas, kurangnya pemahaman akan faktor-faktor variabel penjelas, mana yang lebih penting serta bagaimana latar belakangnya, dan penelitian implementasi yang ditandai oleh ontologi dan epistemologi, yang sama-sama positivis yang sebagian besar mengabaikan peran, wacana, simbol dan pola budaya.

Bandung, 11 Juli 2018

Steal Like An Artist - Austin Kleon #highlightreview

Akhirnya dari ambisi sekian buku berbahasa inggris yang dibaca ala ala skimming dan tidak benar-benar membaca keseluruhan isi buku, hanya bagian-bagian penting saja, buku ini jadi buku yang benar-benar dibaca sampai akhir, karena isinya ringan, banyak quote dan ilustrasi gemes.  Sempurna buat selingan bacaan yang memotivasi, buat semangat.  Beberapa highlight/note/quote yang saya suka:

"The manifesto is this: Draw the art you want to see, start the bussiness you want to run, play the music you want to hear, write the books you want to read, build the products you want to use-do the work you want to see done."

Motto: Practice, productive, procrastination: Have a lot of projects going on so you can bounce between them, keep all your passion in your life.

Do the hobby that makes you happy.

The not-so-secret-formula:
Step one : Do good work (make stuff everyday) Stuck . Fail. Get Better
Step two : Share it with people (put your stuff on the internet)

Another phase:
Step one : Wonder at something
Step two : Invite others to wonder with you.

"The internet can be more than just a resting place to publish your finished ideas- it can also be an incubator for ideas that arent fully formed, a birthing center for developing work that you haven't started yet"

"You dont have to share everything.  In fact, sometimes its much better if you dont.  Show just a little bit of what you'r working on"

"You are only going to be as good as the people you surround yourself with" The one who smarter, better than you, who are doing the really insteresting work"

"Keep a logbook, a little book in which you list the things you do everyday. Ask the question, what's the best thing that happened today?"

...
Monday, 25 June 2018

Be Obsessed - Grant Cardone #BookReview

Tittle : Be Obsessed or be average 

Author : Grant Cardone 

Pages : 252 

Publisher : PT Gramedia Pustaka Utama 

Language : Indonesia

This is one of my fav motivational book, to tell you about being obsessed with something is necessary, because somehow we are kinda addicted to something, being comfortable at routine things that give us impact.  How about change the addicting things to something positive and make yourself on fire to always catch on your target, about to evaluate and setting goals in daily basis.  Set a big dream, and small task to keep on going everyday. 

Cardone persuade us to keep on going on what we believe and do it more, do it better than anyone else in the room. 

Write your dream, your wishlist, do it everyday, so you can see it through, feed your monster so there will be no space for doubt.  Eliminate, ignore, and block people/anything that feed your doubt.  Keep on going, survive, hold on, things will going hard, but use it as a fuel to burn and motivate you to doing better than ever.  Fall hard so you can do it harder.  Always stay out from comfort zone and be outstanding, use all your resources and always expand and improve yourself.  Be dare enough to dream and reach the impossible things.  Be persistent in what you want and stick to it, because the one and only failure is to giving up. 

And the list keep on going for the daily basis :

1.  Finish all the task, finish all the things you started, and stop to leave the unfinished projects, in professional or personal life.  Finish it!

2.  When you are blocked by a wall, dont focus on that wall, find a creative way so you can find the twist to going through that wall.

3.  Expect people to giving up, and you will always be the persistent one.  Get ready to face the fact and dont listen to people that persuade you to giving up all your dreams.

4.  Stay busy to find your interest/income or learn something that can make you survive and improve yourself, because a rolling stone gathers no moss.

Next book : First, Break All The Rules - Marcus Buckingham & Curt Coffman.

Second Chance - Robert Kiyosaki

After a long long hiatus i decide to write a book review again.  To keep track of what i'm reading, because recently i buy too many book and not really have big passion to finish it.  At this blog, i wish i could see how many progress i have by writing my personal opinion while i read that book, mostly i read book about self-development, motivation and fiction.  I never limit my self to read just one issue, but i buy book that i think i can finish it (or i wish).  For now on my target is a week/two week to finish a book (what an ambition! :p) at least it is somewhere to start, my booklist now is about 8 books (the newest) and 2 e-books.  A few of my books are very thick i think i will make more than a week.

Title : Second Chance, Untuk Uang, Hidup dan Dunia Kita

Author : Robert T. Kiyosaki

Pages : 375

Publisher : PT Gramedia Pustaka Utama 

Language : Indonesia

Mostly this book is about a financial education that Kiyosaki believe mostly people dont have and not be taught at school.  That people have a power to control their words, and not stuck into the 'demotivation' words or anything that similar to 'poor' and 'not-in-control' things.  Its mostly about how people manage their resources, make it as an asset, liability and cash flow.  Author belief there is no use to saving so much money because the value will decreased, start to invest in things that will make money.  Few examples are bussiness, gold, real estate, paper, comodity, etc.  You should choose what is your stronger point, stronger player at the field, learn all the things about that, have the best connection and committed to be the best at it.  Make your wishlist and stick to it everyday.  Instead of looking for project/bussiness, its better to looking for problem to solve that can make impact, and do it professionally not only for money that can make you have the best outcome, not output.  

Then the thing that interesting for me is how Kiyosaki describe how you should not see the problem as 'one side of coin'- one side of the problem you have.  You should not getting involved to the problem, you should see more.  See the other side of the problem.  Watch between them and make a profit.  Dont make yourself getting into unnecessary fight, learn to work together because there is no use of unfair competition, learn how to be a mutual partner and make each other grow and develop more.

And of course, the main title of this book. about Second Chance.  A question that keep haunting us.  Do we have a second chance? To fix our life, our financial life, our love life, to increase our income and to have a better life?  What we MUST sacrifice and what effort we need, to get better than where we was? Do we really want the hard- full of sacrifice day to keep our life in pain because of dicipline and can't enjoy time by relax and sleep because we need to grow and hustle? Do we? Do you? Do I? 

#weekendbookreview